Replaced by unscrewing the lid of its housing.Īttached to the same end of the metal assembly as the faceblank there is an internal half-mask, made of black rubber. The exhale valve is made of rubber, and it can be easily inspected and possibly The intake valve is a simple rubber disc placed over the hole where the hose is attached. the housing for the exhale and intake valvesĪt the bottom-front of the mask, there is a milled metal assembly with a mount for an intake valve, one for the exhale valve and its threaded lid, and two holes to connect said piece to the faceblank and the hose.The faceblank, made of moulded rubber, has the following parts attached to it: The mask is composed of the following parts: The M.31 and M.33 facepieces are completely identical, save for the markings. Some M.31-33s also have been found with czech hoses with 42mm threads at the end, it's very likely that this modification was done during the War by the republicans, but there's no confirmation to that at the moment. Some Republican copies were developed, but there isn't much information about them. These masks were occasionally captured by the Republicans (especially during the battle of Guadalajara in March 1937), who sometimes reissued them. A lot of the Italian masks that enterd the coutry did so by being brought by the Italian voluntary corp, who mostly issued M.31-33s and Penna Respirators.Īuthor's note: it's unclear whether the M.31-33s and Pennas that entered the country came all from the volunteering soldiers or partially from the 318.908 gas masks imported to be used by the Nationalists. The mask is often seen in parades paired with a chemical suit, usually a 1930 model.Ī soldier with an M.31-33 in the alert position (harness of the mask hanging from the uniform) Spanish civil war use ĭuring the Spanish Civil War, a great number of Italian masks were imported into Spain (318.908), most, if not all of these, were T.35s, which were adopted under the designation of " Modelo L". The M.31, and later the M.33, were mainly meant for use with the Army since it was too expensive to issue them to other corps that didn't require such a large filter (this niche was filled by territorial masks, like the T.32 and later the T.35). The eyepieces were now crimped and could be replaced with little to no equipment.Both valves were interchangeable between the two designs. The metal assembly was changed in such a way to allow easier maintenance of the inlet and exhale valves, the latter of which also saw a change in design, as the aluminium base was made of rubber instead, and because of that, there was no need for a gasket in between it and the assembly.The 6-straps system was changed to a 5-straps one, as the latter had all of the elastic straps replaceable.The content was changed, making breathing easier, and the plug was now attached with a string, preventing it from being lost as easily. The filter was completely overhauled, as the SBR-like shape was dropped in favour of a round one.Stiffer rubber and a different shape of the faceblank, especially around the connection with the metal assembly at the front, reduced drastically the instability of the latter, avoiding it from restricting airflow.This new design had the following improvements: Although superior to the SBR, the design had some issues which brought the army to seek a new respirator, a search that ended in 1931 with the adoption of the M.31. Because of that push, the army adopted the Penna Respirator in 1928. Since the end of the war, in fact, the Army was still using Small Box Respirators, which were considered outdated by every standard after the second half of the '20s. 6.1 Rebreathers with an M.31-33 facepieceĭuring the late '20s, the Italian Army was seeking renovation in its chemical protection equipment.
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